[14] Standard was growing horizontally and vertically. . Resources "The Peonage Controversy and the Florida East Coast Railway,", Graham, Thomas. However, a great cloud of bad luck was soon to fall over the Flagler family. [34] Although her work prompted a huge backlash against the company, Tarbell claims to have been surprised at its magnitude. He was also a key figure in the development of the eastern coast of Florida along the Atlantic Ocean and was founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway. Jul 1, 2020 - Explore Patricia Cipolla's board "Henry Flagler" on Pinterest. His father was Isaac Flagler, a Presbyterian minister and great-grandson of Zacharra Flegler, whose family had emigrated from the German Palatinate region to Holland in 1688. But they had never played fair, and that ruined their greatness for me." It soon was doing one tenth of all the petroleum business in the United States. At last in 1911, the Supreme Court of the United States found Standard Oil Company of New Jersey in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act. Flamingo Visitor Center is 24 miles away. Rockefeller worked in association with chemist and inventor Samuel Andrews. "Henry M. Flagler's Hotel Ponce de Len.". From various newspapers, 1887 - 1895. It kept oil prices low to stave off competitors, made its products affordable to the average household, and, to increase market penetration, sometimes sold below cost if necessary. Mary was born in Ohio in 1833. It is one of his most significant projects, because it was constructed as a memorial to Flagler's only daughter, Jenny. Flagler. She documented the company's espionage, price wars, heavy-handed marketing tactics, and courtroom evasions. In Bellevue he courted and married his step-uncle's (Lamon Harkness) second daughter, Mary Harkness, November 9, 1853. Last Train to Paradise. Henry Flagler's daughter, Jennie Louise Benedict, had a baby girl on February 9, 1889. The top-ranked Kenan-Flagler Business School at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is named for Flagler and his wife, who was an early benefactor of UNC along with her family and descendants. Two years after her death, he married her nurse, Ida Alice Shourds. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil, which was first based in Ohio. Featuring air conditioning, The Henry Flagler offers accommodations in Layton. During this time he worked to pay back his stepbrother. To get a more in-depth narrative of the life of that building complex, visit The Ponce de Leon Hotel's Historical Place profile on our website. Flagler's wife died shortly after the partnership was formed. Covert, Robert. Asylum records from this era show women being admitted and held for ailments such as "suppressed menses", "mental {or} religious excitement", and the infamous catch-all "hysteria". The hotel, the Ponce de Leon, was a success. Finally, Dan Harkness (7 perhaps Henry's favorite sibling), was Henry's mother's son from her first husband. But Standard Oil adapted, developing its own European presence, expanding into natural gas production in the U.S., then into gasoline for automobiles, which until then had been considered a waste product. NY By genealogy.com user October 24, 1999 at 04:39:45. Henry Flagler, son of a Presbyterian minister, had Memorial Presbyterian Church built in memory of his daughter Jennie Louise Flagler Benedict and her newborn daughter Margery, both of whom died in 1889. The family moved as was necessary for Isaac's job, having lived in Virginia and Ohio during Henry's childhood. [33] Ohio was especially vigorous in applying its state anti-trust laws, and finally forced a separation of Standard Oil of Ohio from the rest of the company in 1892, the first step in the dissolution of the trust. University Press of Florida. Immediately, she began taking advantage of the fortune she had married into like any budding socialite, she loved gowns, jewelry, and yachts. VisitStAugustine.com, 2022. Chicago: VisitStAugustine.com. It was in the late 1850s that Flagler met John D. Rockefeller who was working for a Cleveland grain broker and traveled the hinterlands in search of business. Rogers, in particular, became one of Flagler and Rockefeller's key men in the formation of the Standard Oil Trust. The judge instructed the jury to find them not guilty because the "prosecution had failed to prove 'an agreement of minds with evil intent to conspire'. She married Frederick L. Tuttle 1867-1886), and they had two children, Frances Emeline 1868 and Henry 1870. He used convict leasing "a method undertaken by the Southern States to replace the economic setup of slavery"[47] to modernize the existing railroads, allowing them to accommodate heavier loads and more traffic.[48]. Her eldest daughter, Jennie Louise, was twenty- six. What happened to Henry Flagler's daughter? The current sanctuary building that is seen today was built in the late 1880s and early 1890s by gracious donations from Henry Morrison Flagler. Also, on July 28, 2006, a statue of Flagler was unveiled on the southeast steps of Miami's Dade County Courthouse, located on Miami's Flagler Street. On the condition that Anderson get the city's streets paved, Henry Flagler agreed to buy a portion of that land. In February of 1885, the couple took a delayed honeymoon to St. Augustine Ida Alice was thirty-seven and Henry Flagler was fifty-five. [39] According to Allan Nevins, in John D. Rockefeller (p 292), "Standard Oil was born as a big enterprise, it had cut its teeth as a partnership and was now ready to plunge forward into a period of greater expansion and development. 2. Two years later, Flagler built the Palm Beach Inn (renamed The Breakers in 1901), overlooking the Atlantic Ocean in Palm Beach. Henry is originated from United States. An immense engineering effort was required to cut through the wilderness and marsh from St. Augustine to Palm Beach. Hello students! Henry is also best known as, Entrepreneur best known as the founder of Standard Oil and for helping to develop what came to be known as the Florida East Coast Railway. The Alcazar is today the Lightner Museum, next to the Casa Monica Hotel in St. Augustine that Flagler bought from Franklin W. Smith. For a time, Ida Alice and Henry Flagler both stayed and entertained guests within Kirkside, but trouble was on the horizon for Flagler and his second wife. . Jennie Louise was now a young married woman of twenty-four years; Carrie had died as a child; the son Harry was eight. He was best known for being a Entrepreneur. His next project was the Ponce de Leon Hotel, now part of Flagler College. The public and the media in Florida exploded with the scandal of it all. For the train, see, Alleged use of convict leasing and debt peonage, Martin, p. 56, quoting Edwin Lefevre, in "Flagler and Florida" from, Joe Knetsch, "The Peonage Controversy and the Florida East Coast Railway,", University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, "Madoff scandal stuns Palm Beach Jewish community", "292: Colonel Joseph D. Potts Leader in the Pennsylvania on LiveAuctioneers", "The Story of Convict Leasing in Florida", "Statutes & Constitution :View Statutes: Online Sunshine", "Slavery Revisited: Peonage in the South", "How slave labor built the state of Florida decades after the Civil War", "Abstracts of Reports of the Immigration Commission, Vol II", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_Flagler&oldid=1125174074, Jennie Louise (March 18, 1855 March 25, 1889), Knetsch, Joe. However there were many reports harsh working conditions and forced indebtedness to the company, and malfeasance by labor agents who hired men for the railway. By the end of this field trip, we hope will you have an understanding of who Henry Flagler was, and the great impact he had on the state of Florida! Gainesville, FL. The voyage was harrowing and long northern tourists traveled by railroad, steamship, and mule-driven omnibus. The swamplands south of Savannah were thought of as a dangerous land of rugged enchantment where alligators lurked in the shadows and strange miasme was thought to carry diseases like yellow fever through the damp air. [25] The "trust" was a corporation of corporations, and the entity's size and wealth drew much attention. One day when very old he went on a drunken spree. Over the course of her marriage to Henry Flagler, Ida Alice Shourds is reported to have begun displaying unstable behavior she was rumored to have a temper, and her fondness for lavish parties and attention did not go unnoticed by Gilded Age Society. The Early Years of The Ponce de Leon: Clippings from an Old Scrap Book of those days. The accommodation features a satellite TV. "[38] Flagler and Rockefeller worked hard for their company to achieve such prominence. However, much to Flagler's chagrin, he had no legal grounds to be granted a divorce from Alice in New York or Florida. Flagler was the only person to be divorced under the law before it was repealed in 1905. We Floridians have a very specific image of Henry Flagler in our minds: he is an old man with bright eyes cast in bronze. Flagler and Rockefeller had envisioned the use of pipelines as an alternative transport system for oil and began a campaign to build and acquire them. Both of Henry's parents had been married previously. These certificates became traded by speculators, thus creating the first oil-futures market which effectively set spot market prices from then on. She was the daughter of Lamon G. Harkness and Julia Follet. Henry Morrison Flagler was born on January 2, 1830. Even when a draft was issued in 1862, requiring American men 18 to 45 to join the service, Henry Flagler did not join the military. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil. Flagler controlled a vast fortune, which he earned by buying out small oil refineries and creating a monopoly with Standard Oil. They had 3 children: Maud Aiken and 2 other children. Over 30 years, Flagler had invested about $50 million in railroad, home and hotel construction and had made donations to suffering farmers after the freeze in 1894. Bowman, Bryan & Kathy Roberts Forde. 91 is preserved inside a Beaux Arts pavilion built to look like a 19th-century railway palace. Henry had 3 siblings: Melacinda Flagler and 2 other siblings. His father was a Presbyterian minister, Isaac Flagler. At the age of 14, after completing the eighth grade, Flagler moved to Bellevue, Ohio where he found work with his cousins in the grain store of L.G. "[39] Not only did Flagler and Rockefeller's Standard Oil company become well known in Ohio, they expanded to other states, as well as gained additional capital in purchasing smaller oil refining companies across the nation. Flagler was entombed in the Flagler family mausoleum at Memorial Presbyterian Church in St. Augustine alongside his first wife, Mary Harkness; daughter, Jenny Louise; and granddaughter, Marjorie. The Flagler family, originally spelled Flegler, hailed from the southwestern corner of Germany known as the Palatinate region. Estate All the things he owned. Although not much is known about Ida Alice Flagler, many sources claim she became fond of opulent parties and leisurely pursuits that were available to the fabulously wealthy. George Matthews, great-grandson of Henry Morrison Flagler, has served as the Flagler Museum's president for the past 42 years. A major New York refiner, Charles Pratt and Company, headed by Charles Pratt and Henry H. Rogers, led the opposition to this plan, and railroads soon backed off. 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